Several different vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been given emergency approvals in many countries after demonstrating their effectiveness in preventing severe disease and hospitalization due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) up to 20 weeks after vaccination.
In the Netherlands, four vaccines have been included in the national vaccination program, two of which are based on the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) technology (Comirnaty and Spikevax), whereas the other two are vector-based (Vaxzevria and Janssen).
Notably, mRNA-based vaccines use lipid nanoparticles to deliver spike-encoding mRNA, whereas vector-based vaccines use adenovirus to deliver spike-encoding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to induce the production of neutralizing antibodies against the viral spike protein by host cells.
